Throughout history, people have often faced times of confusion, lies, and crisis. In these moments, good government becomes not just a sort of ideal but something we urgently need. Ancient philosophers and poets like Plato, Solon, and Theognis gave us wisdom that still makes sense today. Even though they wrote long ago, their words help us understand what makes a government just or unjust, especially now when Truth is often twisted, fear is used to control, and technology can dominate instead of help.
In The Republic (Book 6), Plato explains that only true philosophers should rule. He says philosophers are those who understand what is always true and unchanging. They love Truth and hate lies. "The true lover of knowledge must, from childhood, desire Truth above all things." Plato says that only these kinds of people can create fair and good laws. But if leaders are blind to the Truth, if they only chase power and lies, they can never guide a country in the right way. Today, we see a world where many leaders are more interested in money, control, or popularity than in Truth or Justice. Plato's warning seems very real in our time.
Plato also says that these philosopher-rulers should not care much for physical pleasures. Instead, they should care about the soul and about learning. He believes that unless philosophers become rulers, or rulers become philosophers, our world will never be free from problems: "Until philosophers rule as kings... cities will have no rest from evils." This idea fits today, where many in power seem to care more about fame or supremacy than about deep Wisdom.
In another work, Laws (Book 1), Plato says the greatest good is wisdom, and that others which are materialistic, such as wealth, are less important. "He who has the divine has the human added to him; but he who has lost the greater is deprived of both." Morevoer, a wise and fair leader must put Truth, Courage, and Justice first. If not, the laws and the people will suffer. In today's world, we often see the opposite: those with power focus on money or control, and forget higher values.
Besides, In Laws (Book 10), Plato tells us that the Ruler of the Universe has arranged everything to ensure the preservation and perfection of the whole. Every part has a specific role and state of action or experience, and even the smallest action is governed by a guiding principle. Each part of the Universe, no matter how small, exists for the benefit of the entire system. It is emphasised that creations are made for the good of the whole, not for the benefit of any single part. Just as a doctor or an artist works for the good of the whole body or work, each element functions for the common good. Therefore, what is best for one part is also, within the laws of creation, best for the entire Universe. This reminds us that good leaders must think of the common good, not just of themselves or their group. When selfishness rules, society falls apart. Today, when many governments focus on winning or staying in power rather than serving everyone, Plato's words ring true.
Furthermore, the poet Theognis also gives wise advice. In his verses (27-38), he urges his friend Cyrnus to be wise, not to seek glory, honours, or wealth through shameful and unjust actions, to stay close to good people and to avoid the wicked: "If you mix with the bad, you will lose the mind you already have." In our time, where the lines between good and bad are often unclear, and where lies are common, this warning is crucial. Being close to dishonest people can destroy us.
To say nothing of Solon, the famous lawgiver of Athens, gives a strong warning in Fragment 4. He says that bad leadership destroys a city from the inside. He blames greedy leaders who do not know when to stop or how to share fairly. He writes: "The leaders of the people think unjustly... and this causes great pain." Solon describes how injustice spreads like a fire or a disease, touching every home and every person, even those who try to hide. His words remind us of how modern problems, like inequality and corruption, affect all levels of society. "Even if a man should flee into the corner of his inner chamber, it finds him."
However, Solon also praises good government. He says it brings Peace, Fairness, and Balance: "Sound governance shows everything orderly and suitable... straightens crooked judgments, makes prideful deeds, to be mild, arrests the works of dissension, stops the bile of torturous strife, and so it is that through it everything concerning humans is made wise and harmonious." A just system brings harmony, controls greed, and fixes unfairness. These ideas are still true. When laws are fair, people trust each other more. When leaders are honest, people feel safe. But when lies and selfishness take over, trouble grows quickly.
Therefore, taken together, Plato, Theognis, and Solon show us what good and bad government looks like. Together, these voices from antiquity create a composite image of just and unjust governance. The good state is one where leaders are philosophers, guided by Wisdom and an Incorruptible Love of Truth. It is a place where Justice is not merely a legal system but a harmony of soul and society. The bad state, by contrast, is one where leaders are blind, self-serving, or worse, consciously deceiving. It is marked by fear, manipulation, planned wars, planned catastrophes, and an absence of Virtues. Such a state breeds inequality, spiritual degradation, and, as Solon saw, ultimately its own ruin.
Today, as technology expands its grasp over our bodies and thoughts, and as division and fear are amplified for political convenience, we had better remember these ancient guides. Their words caution against the path of tyranny masquerading as progress, of surveillance dressed as safety, and of governance devoid of soul. Perhaps, as Plato suggested, the wise may yet find shelter, waiting for the storm to pass, content only to live rightly in a world gone astray. But even they, as Theognis advised, must cleave to the Good, lest the corruption outside seep silently within.
In this reflective mirror of governance, what we see depends on what we seek: illusion or Truth, tyranny or Wisdom, ruin or Justice.
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https://classicalanthology.theclassicslibrary.com/2019/07/26/justice-and-the-city-solon-fr-4/
